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| Nesting |
| Where parts are grouped together on a plate to achieve best fit and hence minimise yield loss. |
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| Nickel (Ni) |
| Widely used as an alloying element in steels. Up to 5.0% can be present in general engineering and in case-hardening steels. Improves strength and toughness and increases hardenability. Larger amounts are present in austenitic stainless and in heat resisting steels. Also used in Invar, a controlled thermal expansion alloy, and in permanent magnet alloys. |
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| Niobium (Nb) |
| Known as columbium in the USA. A strong carbide forming alloying element in steel. Present in amounts up to 0.1% in high strength low alloy (microalloyed) structural steel and used in stabilised grades of austenitic stainless steel. Can also be used as a stabilising element in ultra low carbon (ULC) steels. |
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| Nitriding |
| A thermochemical treatment in which nitrogen is diffused into the steel. The treatment is usually carried out at a temperature around 500C, in either a gas or salt bath atmosphere, or with the use of a plasma. |
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| Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) |
| Also known as non-destructive inspection. Any technique that uses radiography, ultra-sonics, dye-penetrant, magnetic particles, eddy currents etc. to determine the quality of a material without permanently altering the completeness or properties of the material being tested. |
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| Non-Magnetic Steels |
| Steels that have a stable, fully austenitic microstructure. |
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| Normalising |
| Heating up a steel to just above its upper critical temperature in order to transform it to austenite, followed by cooling to room temperature at such a rate that a refined equilibrium microstructure is produced. Often this means cooling in still air. |
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| Notched Bar Test |
| A test in which the test specimen has a notch of a standard geometry machined in it in order to produce a local stress concentration at the notch root when the specimen is tested. (See Charpy and Izod Impact tests) |
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| Notching |
| The cutting out of any of a variety of possible shapes from the edge of a section, plate, blank or part. |
