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| Oil Hardening Steel |
| A steel for which the quenching liquid is oil rather than any other medium. |
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| Oiling |
| The coating of steel with oil as a temporary rust preventative. |
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| Open Hearth Furnace |
| A reverbatory melting furnace with a shallow hearth, on which the charge is placed beneath a low roof. Heating of the charge is both by direct flame and by radiation from the furnace roof and sidewalls. This type of furnace is no longer used in Western Europe as a steelmaking unit as it has now been replaced, for economic and quality reasons, by the Basic Oxygen and the Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking processes. |
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| Orange Peel Effect |
| The name given to the appearance of the surface roughening that can occur when a metal with an unusually coarse grain size is plastically deformed. |
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| Ore |
| A naturally occurring mineral that can be mined and treated for the extraction of any of its components, metallic or otherwise, on a commercial basis. |
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| Over Heating |
| Heating a metal to such a high temperature, or for such a long time that its properties are degraded. When the original properties of the metal cannot be restored by thermal, mechanical or thermo-mechanical treatment the overheating is often termed 'burning' |
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| Oxidation |
| A chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with the metal to convert it to its oxide form. |
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| Oxy-Acetylene Welding |
| A process of fusion welding two pieces of metal together, with or without the addition of a filter metal, in which the heat source is a flame produced from the controlled combustion of oxygen and acetylene gases. |
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| Oxygen (O) |
| Used in the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking process. When present in the form of oxide, inclusions in steel will reduce all mechanical properties, including ductility, and decrease machinability. |
